Prof. Dr. Dirk Bockmühl
Hygiene and Microbiology
Faculty of Life Sciences
Professor
Contact
Telephone
+49 2821 80673 208
Email
Location
Kleve Campus
Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve
Contact in Faculty of Life Sciences
Location
Kleve Campus
Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve
Profile
- Brands, B., van Leuven, N., & Bockmühl, D. (2026). We Are Family: Comparative Study of Candida Species and Candidozyma auris in Laundry (EN 17658) and Surface (Biofilm) Disinfection. Pathogens, 15(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15030313.
- Dobariya, B., Bockmühl, D. P., Fazlikhani, G., & Delsing, M. E. (2026). Risk-Based Assessment of Cosmetic Preservation Using Raw-Material–Associated Microorganisms in An Adapted EN ISO 11930 Challenge Test [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20154697.
- Tewes, T. J., Duismann, C. N., Singh, U., Simon, P. F. W., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2026). Raman Spectroscopic Classification of Polyethylene Glycol Samples of Varying Molecular Weights Using Machine Learning. Molecules, 31(5), 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050778.
- van Leuven, N., Lucassen, R., Lipski, A., Rheinschmidt, R., Kleinke, M., Tewes, T. J., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2026). The Microbiota of Evaporative Cooling Systems and the Impact of Rainwater as an Alternative Water Source. Water environment research, 98(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70496.
- Bockmühl, D. P., & Tewes, T. J. (2025). With a Little Help from My Friends: The Role of Detergents for Energy, Efficiency, and Hygiene in Domestic Dishwashing. ChemPlusChem, 90(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202400657.
- Dobariya, B., & Bockmühl, D. (2025). Comparative analysis of microbial community on apricot kernel shells and walnut shells influenced by post-harvest conditions [Dataset].
- Kudla, M., Tewes, T., Gibbin-Lameira, E., Harcq, L., & Bockmühl, D. (2025). Unlocking the Power of Short Cycles: Enhancing Hygiene in Domestic Dishwashers [Dataset].
- Killian, C., Macori, G., Centeleghe, I., Laas, P., Lewis, R., van Leuven, N., Wall, K., Abbara, R., Lucassen, R., Hagström, M., Bockmuehl, D., Fielder, M., Perkola, N., Kisand, V., Malliard, J.-Y., & Fanning, S. (2025). Deciphering the microbiota compositions of complex biofilms from hospital and domestic settings across Estonia, Germany and the United Kingdom. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 372, fnaf118. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaf118.
- Tewes, T. J., Brands, B., Schacher, F. H., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2025). Exploring interactions of Aliivibrio fischeri with water-soluble polymers using bioluminescence and Raman microspectroscopy. PLOS One, 20(9), e0330775. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330775.
- Tewes, T. J., Bockmühl, D. P., Kudla, M., Gibbin-Lameira, E., & Harcq, L. (2025). Hygiene Efficacy of Short Cycles in Domestic Dishwashers. Microorganisms, 13(7), 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071542.
- Zinn, M.-K., Dobariya, B., Heidkamp, H., Ade, C., Flemming, H.-C., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2025). How Effective Are Cleaners With “Effective Microorganisms”? Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 28(6), 1283–1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12883.
- Lucassen, R., van Leuven, N., & Bockmühl, D. (2024). Biological and Synthetic Surfactants Increase Class I Integron Prevalence in Ex-Situ Biofilms [Dataset].
- Lucassen, R., van Leuven, N., & Bockmühl, D. (2024). Biological and Synthetic Surfactants Increase Class I Integron Prevalence in Ex Situ Biofilms. Microorganisms, 12(4), 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040712.
- Tewes, T., Kerst, M., Pavlov, S., Huth, M. A., Hansen, U., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2024). Unveiling the efficacy of a bulk Raman spectra-based model in predicting single cell Raman spectra of microorganisms. Heliyon, 1(6), e27824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27824.
- Tewes, T. J., Harcq, L., Minot, P., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2024). Brevity is the soul of wit – how time, temperature and detergent choice impact the cleaning performance in domestic dishwashers. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 61(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2023-2563.
- van Leuven, N., Lucassen, R., Dicks, A., Braß, P., Lipski, A., & Bockmühl, D. P. (2024). Does Antibiotic Use Contribute to Biofilm Resistance in Sink Drains? A Case Study from Four German Hospital Wards. Antibiotics, 13(12), 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121148.
- van Leuven, N., Lucassen, R., Dicks, A., Braß, P., Lipski, A., & Bockmühl, D. (2024). Does antibiotic use contribute to biofilm resistance in sink drains? A case study from four German hospital wards [Dataset].
- Islam, O. K., Islam, I., Saha, O., Sultana, M., Rahaman, M. M., Bockmühl, D., & Hossain, M. A. (2023). Genomic variability correlates with biofilm phenotypes in multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 7867. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35056-0.
- Lucassen, R., van Leuven, N., & Bockmühl, D. (2023). A loophole in soap dispensers mediates contamination with Gram-negative bacteria. MicrobiologyOpen, 12(5), e1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1384.
- Tewes, T. J., Welle, M. C., Hetjens, B., Tipatet, K. S., Pavlov, S., Platte, F., & Bockmühl, D. (2023). Understanding Raman Spectral Based Classifications with Convolutional Neural Networks Using Practical Examples of Fungal Spores and Carotenoid-Pigmented Microorganisms. AI, 4(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4010006.
- Tewes, T. J., Harcq, L., & Bockmühl, D. (2023). Use of Automatic Dishwashers and Their Programs in Europe with a Special Focus on Energy Consumption. Clean Technologies, 5(3), 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol5030054.
- van Leuven, N., Zinn, M.-K., Lucassen, R., Lipski, A., Flemming, H.-C., & Bockmühl, D. (2023). High resolution ITS amplicon melting analysis as a tool to analyse microbial communities of household biofilms in ex-situ models. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 212, 106806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106806.
- Merettig, N., & Bockmühl, D. (2022). Virucidal Efficacy of Laundering. Pathogens, 11(9), 0. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11090993.
- Rademacher, M., Zinn, M.-K., Beinio, R., & Bockmühl, D. (2022). A New Model to Investigate the Effects of Cosmetics on Skin Microorganisms In Vitro. Cosmetics, 9(4), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9040088.
- Zinn, M.-K., Flemming, H.-C., & Bockmühl, D. (2022). A Comprehensive View of Microbial Communities in the Laundering Cycle Suggests a Preventive Effect of Soil Bacteria on Malodour Formation. Microorganisms, 10(7), 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071465.
- Ade, C., Pum, J., Abele, I., Raggub, L., Bockmühl, D., & Zöllner, B. (2021). Analysis of cycle threshold values in SARS-CoV-2-PCR in a long-term study. Journal of clinical virology, 138, 104791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104791.
- Lucassen, R., Weide, M., & Bockmühl, D. (2021). Virucidal Efficacy of Household Dishwashers. Microbiology Research, 12(2), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12020027.
- Schages, L., Wichern, F., Geisen, S., Kalscheuer, R., & Bockmühl, D. (2021). Distinct Resistomes and Microbial Communities of Soils, Wastewater Treatment Plants and Households Suggest Development of Antibiotic Resistances Due to Distinct Environmental Conditions in Each Environment. Antibiotics, 10(5), 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050514.
- Zinn, M.-K., Singer, M., & Bockmühl, D. (2021). Smells Like Teen Spirit—A Model to Generate Laundry-Associated Malodour In Vitro. Microorganisms, 9(5), 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050974.
- Schulze Struchtrup, S., Stamminger, R., Amberg, C., Bockmühl, D., & Brands, B. (2020). A Concept for Rapid Prediction of Microbiological Reduction in Automatic Dish Cleaning Processes: The Microbiological Inactivation Equivalent (MIE) Unit. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 57(6), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110699.
- Schages, L., Lucassen, R., Wichern, F., Kalscheuer, R., & Bockmühl, D. (2020). The Household Resistome: Frequency of β-Lactamases, Class 1 Integrons, and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Domestic Environment and Their Reduction during Automated Dishwashing and Laundering. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 86(23). https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02062-20.
- Schages, L., Wichern, F., Kalscheuer, R., & Bockmühl, D. (2020). Winter is coming - Impact of temperature on the variation of beta-lactamase and mcr genes in a wastewater treatment plant. The Science of the Total Environment, 712, 136499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136499.
- Zinn, M.-K., & Bockmühl, D. (2020). Did granny know best? Evaluating the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral efficacy of acetic acid for home care procedures. BMC Microbiology, 20(), 265. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01948-8.
- Zinn, M.-K., Schages, L., & Bockmühl, D. (2020). The Toothbrush Microbiome: Impact of User Age, Period of Use and Bristle Material on the Microbial Communities of Toothbrushes. Microorganisms, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091379.
- Lucassen, R., Rehberg, L., Heyden, M., & Bockmühl, D. (2019). Strong correlation of total phenotypic resistance of samples from household environments and the prevalence of class 1 integrons suggests for the use of the relative prevalence of intI1 as a screening tool for multi-resistance. PLOS One, 14(6), e0218277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218277.
- Clarke, J., Oakes, L., Miller, L., Hindley, P., McGeechan, P., Petkov, J., & Bockmuehl, D. (2018). Towards a Lab-Scale Efficacy Test Method for the Evaluation of Hygienic Laundry Rinse-Stage Disinfectants. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 55(5), 410–416. https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110584.
- Honisch, M., Brands, B., Weide, M., Speckmann, H.-D., Stamminger, R., & Bockmühl, D. (2016). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Laundry Detergents with Regard to Time and Temperature in Domestic Washing Machines. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 53(6), 547–552. https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110465.
- Brands, B., & Bockmuehl, D. P. (2015). Experimental Evaluation of Hygienic Conditions in Domestic Dishwashers. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 52(2), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110360.
- Bockmuehl, D. (2012). Biosurfactants as Antimicrobial Ingredients for Cleaning Products and Cosmetics. Tenside Surfactants Detergents, 49(3), 196–198. 7th European Detergents Conference (EDC)/58th SEPAWA Conference. https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110182.
- 17/12/2018 - 16/02/2022 | Analyse der potentiellen Transferpfade von Antibiotiaresistenzen aus der Umwelt in den Haushalten und Entwicklung von Verbraucherempfehlungen | Funder: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt | Go to project